A General Signal of a Phase Transition from Single-Particle Momentum Distributions
نویسنده
چکیده
The search for phase transitions is a hot topic in atomic and nuclear physics. Several different phase transitions are observed/or expected to be observed like 3He to 4He superfluid, Bose-Einstein condensation, liquid to gas nuclei and hadronic matter to Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). The QGP phase transition is predicted by lattice QCD and several QGP signals have been suggested[1], although no convincing evidence[2] has yet been presented. The nature of the phase transition of QGP depends on the dynamical quarks. A first-order phase transition is expected without dynamical quarks. Simulations of lattice QCD with dynamical quarks have not yet overcome the limitations due to finite lattice size. Present results indicate a smooth cross-over between phases for two light quark flavours (Nf=2) and a first-order phase transition for Nf >3[1].
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